The Top Ten Bank Robberies of the 21st Century


The Top Ten Bank Robberies of the 21st Century

Glorified for centuries with characters such as Robin Hood and Butch Cassidy, bank robbers are often portrayed as a more refined class of criminal and often romanticized in movies and novels- perhaps a bit brainier – certainly more intriguing. Here are the top 10 bank robbers of the 21st century:

10. The Agricultural Bank of China Robbery (6.7 Million, 2007)

Executed in China
The largest bank robbery in China’s history occurred in April of 2007 when a cash total of what was equivalent to $6.7 million was embezzled from the Agricultural Bank of China. The robbery was done by two vault managers with the help of two security guards from the branch. Purchasing tickets for the Chinese lottery with money they had stolen (with the intent of winning it and more back from gambling), one manager surprisingly managed it once, but the second manager failed at the second attempt. Soon thereafter other branch managers discovered the missing money and notified police and those involved were arrested. The heist also included 3 other accomplices: a landlord, a cab driver, and a car saleswoman. All accomplices were found and arrested and the two bank managers were later executed for their displays of bank robbing bravado.

9.  The 2009 Bank of Ireland Robbery (9 million, 2009)

Millions of dollars scattered across Dublin
February 2009 at the Bank of Ireland in Dublin, the largest bank robbery in the Republic went down. Criminals included a junior bank employee who kidnapped another employee and forced him to remove $9 million in cash from the bank as his girlfriend and two others were held hostage. Seven people were later arrested, all believed to be members of a well-known Dublin gang. €1.8 million of the stolen cash was located the next day, scattered across Dublin, and in 2010 the man who claimed he was held hostage was also arrested on the suspicion that the robbery had been an inside job. A heist with a twist, earning a place higher on the list for almost $2 million more stolen and the extended rouse.

8.  Northern Bank ($50 million, 2004)

Bank managers’ families held hostage by gunpoint in Ireland


Coming in at number 8 is the Northern Bank robbery in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It makes a huge leap from number 9 with a mere $9 million stolen against the monstrous sum of $50 million that was taken, mostly in pounds sterling. In December of 2004, the heist was carried out by a large, proficient group of thieves making it one of the biggest bank robberies in British history. On the night before the heist, two different groups of armed men disguised as police visited the homes of two officials of the Northern Bank. Once at the homes, they held the families hostage at gunpoint. The following day when officials were sent to work, some remained with the families being held hostage while others waited until the bank closed and the bank officials gave admittance to other members of the gangs. After the cash was stolen, it was transferred from three different vehicles and family members were shortly released before midnight. With only one person being convicted of money laundering, the investigation is still ongoing and the case remains unsolved.

10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals

10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals



Myths and mysteries make the fascinating, but even odd creatures ought to be understood. We explore a few recent findings, common misconceptions and amazing adaptations. - Ben Mauk
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Crocodiles Swallow Stones for Swimming
The stomach of a crocodile is a rocky place to be, for more than one reason. To begin with, a croc's digestive system encounters everything from turtles, fish and birds to giraffes, buffaloes, lions and even (when defending territory) other crocodiles. In addition to that bellyful-o'- ecosystem, rocks show up too. The reptiles swallow large stones that stay permanently in their bellies. It's been suggested these are used for ballast in diving.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Whale Milk Not On Low-Fat Diets
Nursing a newborn is no "small" feat for the whale, whose calf emerges, after 10 to 12 months in the womb, about a third the mother's length (that's a 30-foot baby for the Blue whale). The mother squirts milk into the newborn's mouth using muscles around the mammary gland while the baby holds tight to a nipple (yes, whales have them). At nearly 50 percent fat, whale milk has around 10 times the fat content of human milk, which helps calves achieve some serious growth spurtseas much as 200 pounds per day.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Birds Use Landmarks to Navigate Long Journeys
Can you imagine a road trip vacation without missed exits, stubborn drivers or map-folding disasters? Of course noteyou're not a bird. Pigeons can fly thousands of miles to find the same roosting spot with no navigational difficulties. Some species of birds, like the Arctic tern, make a 25,000 mile round-trip journey every year. Many species use built-in ferromagnets to detect their orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field. A November 2006 study published in Animal Behaviour suggests that pigeons also use familiar landmarks on the ground below to help find their way home.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
For Beavers, Days Get Longer in Winter
Beavers become near shut-ins during winter, living off of previously stored food or the deposits of fat in their distinctive tails. They conserve energy by avoiding the cold outdoors, opting instead to remain in dark lodgings inside their pile of wood and mud. As a result these rodents, which normally emerge at sunset and turn in at sunrise, have no light cues to entrain their sleep cycle. The beaver's biological sense of time shifts, and she develops a "free running circadian rhythm" of 29-hour days.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Mole-Rats aren't Blind
With their puny eyes and underground lifestyle, African mole-rats have long been considered the Mr. Magoos of rodents, detecting little light and, it has been suggested, using their eyes more for sensing changes in air currents than for actual vision. But findings of the past few years have shown that African mole-rats have a keen, if limited, sense of sight. And they don't like what they see, according to a report in the November 2006 Animal Behaviour. Light may suggest that a predator has broken into a tunnel, which could explain why subterranean diggers developed sight in the first place.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Baby Chicks and Brotherhood
It's a mistake to think of evolution as producing selfish animals concerned only with their own survival. Altruism abounds in cases where a helping hand will encourage the survival of genetic material similar to one's own. Baby chicks practice this "kin selection" by making a special chirp while feeding. This call announces the food find to nearby chicks, who are probably close relations and so share many of the chick's genes. The key to naturalselection isn't survival of the fittest animal. It's survival of the fittest genetic material, and so brotherly behavior that favors close relations will thrive.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Many Fish Swap Sex Organs
With so many land creatures to wonder at, it's easy to forget that some of the weirdest activities take place deep in the ocean. The strange practice of hermaphroditism is more common among species of fish than within any other group of vertebrates. Some fish change sex in response to hormonal cycle or environmental changes. Others simultaneously possess both male and female sex organs.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Giraffes Compensate for Height with Unique Blood Flow
The stately giraffe, whose head sits some 16 feet up atop an unlikely pedestal, adapted his long neck to compete for foliage with other grazers. While the advantage of reach is obvious, some difficulties arise at such a height. The heart must pump twice as hard as a cow's to get blood up to the brain, and a complex blood vessel system is needed to ensure that blood doesn't rush to the head when bent over. Six feet below the heart, the skin of the legs must then be extremely tight to prevent blood from pooling at the hooves.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Elephants Do Forget, but They're Not Dumb
Elephants have the largest brainenearly 11 pounds on averageeof any mammal that ever walked the earth. Do they use that gray matter to the fullest? Intelligence is hard to quantify in humans or animals, but the encephalization quotient (EQ), a ratio of an animal's observed brain size to the expected brain size given the animal's mass, correlates well with an ability to navigate novel challenges and obstacles. The average elephant EQ is 1.88. (Humans range from 7.33 to 7.69, chimpanzees average 2.45, pigs 0.27.) Intelligence and memory are thought to go hand in hand, suggesting that elephant memories, while not infallible, are quite good.
10 Interesting Facts You Didn't Know about Animals
Parrot speech

Parrot speech is commonly regarded as the brainless squawking of a feathered voice recorder. But studies over the past 30 years continually show that parrots engage in much more than mere mimicry. Our avian friends can solve certain linguistic processing tasks as deftly as 4-6 year-old children. Parrots appear to grasp concepts like "same" and "different", "bigger" and "smaller", "none" and numbers. Perhaps most interestingly, they can combine labels and phrases in novel ways. A January 2007 study in Language Sciences suggests using patterns of parrot speech learning to develop artificial speech skills in robots.
Source

IN SHIFTY CLIMATES, BIRDS SLEEP AROUND


IN SHIFTY CLIMATES, BIRDS SLEEP AROUND


THE GIST
  • In places where climatic conditions change a lot, birds are more likely to cheat on and divorce their mates.
  • If climate becomes more variable, birds might cheat more.
  • Environmental uncertainty might explain why some people cheat.

When climate is shifty and unpredictable, birds are more likely to sleep around.
The findings, which suggest that birds may seek out diverse genes for their offspring when they are unsure what the future will hold, might help predict what will happen as climate changes in the coming decades. If weather conditions become more variable in certain places, as some models predict, birds might adapt by becoming more unfaithful. And that’s not necessarily a bad thing.
“The overall message of the paper is that there is a lot of hope because females can still employ all of these mechanisms they use to find the best partner available,” said Carlos Botero, an evolutionary ecologist at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.
The research could also offer insight into why people sometimes stray from their mates.
“Humans have been able to transform the environment to such a level that basic processes like rainfall and temperature affect us very little,” said Botero. But, he said, changes in the stock market or other economic indicators could serve as the human equivalent of a variable environment.
“You might think this is the guy of your dreams based on the world you think is occurring,” Botero said. “But if the world changes, your idea might change, too.”
Many species of birds practice social monogamy, which means that they pair up and stay together for at least one breeding season, and many come back together year after year. When chicks are born, monogamous birds work together as a couple to take care of the babies until they leave the nest.
But studies have also shown that certain birds are prone to infidelity. When scientists do genetic tests on chicks, they find that many are actually sired by birds other than the ones who act like their fathers. Birds also get divorced, according to painstaking studies that tag and follow each bird in a colony from year to year. In cases of divorce, birds mate successfully one year but choose other partners the next.
To figure out what drives birds to cheat and stray, Botero and colleague Dustin Rubenstein collected more than 400 of studies of infidelity and divorce on more than 200 species of birds from around the world. They put all of the information into one big data set, and they started looking for patterns.
When climate becomes variable and unpredictable, the scientists report today in the journal PLoS ONE, birds are more likely to seek out new partners.
The strategy makes sense, Botero explained, offering this example: Birds with big heavy bills are good at cracking thick, hard seeds, which is a very useful trait in a place that is usually very dry. But those bills become unwieldy when heavy rainfall leads to more tiny seeds, which birds with smaller beaks are better at manipulating.
If the weather is consistently wet or dry, a female’s ideal strategy is obvious. If the weather starts changing all the time, on the other hand, cheating will improve a female’s chances of mixing with the best genes for whatever the environment might offer when her chicks are born. And it goes both ways -- males might stray for similar reasons.
The findings point out how subtle the effects of climate can be on animal behavior, said Mike Webster, an ornithologist at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Instead of considering shifts in rainfall, melting of glaciers or other one-way changes in climatic conditions, as many studies do, the new work points out the importance of looking at the more complicated phenomenon of how changeable climate is.
“A really important next step will be to look at whether birds are responding directly to weather variation or whether this is more of a long-term effect so that over time, they evolve to have certain behaviors in variable versus less variable climates,” Webster said. “That will tell us a lot about how they will respond to climate change in the short-term versus the long term.”
It’s not yet clear, in other words, how quickly birds will be able to respond to changes in climate variability.
“One thing we know is that current climate change is happening at a rate that we haven’t been able to document in recent times,” said Rebecca Safran, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder. “Selection can only respond generation by generation. I would not cast this as good news.”


महाकाल के कोतवाल हैं कालभैरव

महाकाल के कोतवाल हैं कालभैरव


उज्जैन को देवताओं की नगरी कहते हैं। यहां अनेक चमत्कारिक मंदिर हैं। ऐसा ही एक मंदिर है भगवान कालभैरव का। यहां भगवान कालभैरव की प्रतिमा को शराब का भोग लगाया जाता है और आश्चर्य की बात यह है कि देखते ही देखते वह पात्र जिसमें शराब का भोग लगाया जाता है, खाली हो जाता है। यहां रोज श्रृद्धालुओं की भीड़ उमड़ती है और इस चमत्कार को अपनी आंखों से देखती है।

महाकाल के कोतवाल हैं कालभैरव

भगवान काल भैरव का मंदिर मुख्य शहर से कुछ दूरी पर बना है। धर्म शास्त्रों के अनुसार काल भैरव भगवान शंकर के कोतवाल हैं उसी मान्यता के अनुसार उज्जैन में भी कालभैरव को शहर का रक्षक या कोतवाल माना जाता है। कहा जाता है कि यह मंदिर राजा भद्रसेन द्वारा निर्मित है। पुराणों में जिन अष्टभैरव का वर्णन है, उनमें ये प्रमुख हैं।



गुरुद्वारा मणिकरन साहिब

 गुरुद्वारा मणिकरन साहिब


शिमला।हिमालय की गोद में बसे भुंटर के नजदीक गुरुद्वारा मणिकरन साहिब मौजूद है। जो अपने अविस्मर्णनीय चमत्कार के लिए पूरी दुनिया में प्रसिद्ध है। 
जी हां पार्वती नदी के किनारे पर बसा गुरुद्वारा मणिकरन साहिब हिन्दुओं और सिखों के लिए बड़ा तीर्थस्थान है। यहां मौजूद गर्म पानी का झरना आम झरनों जैसा नहीं है। क्योंकि यह इतना गर्म होता है, जिसमें आप सब्जियों और चावल को उबाल सकते हैं।
इसमें सबसे बड़ी चौंकाने वाली बात यह है कि यह गर्म पानी का स्त्रोत भीषण ठंड के दिनों में भी सक्रिय रहता है, फिर चाहे हिम शिखरों पर बर्फ भी जमीं हो। कहते हैं यहां के पानी में स्नान करने से चर्म रोग ठीक हो जाते हैं। 
यहां पर हमेशा चलने वाले लंगर में सब्जियां और चावल इसी पानी से उबाले जाते हैं। इस गर्म पानी के कई तरह की मान्यता प्रचलित है। कहते हैं कि यहां बाढ़ आने के बाद सब कुछ नष्ट हो गया था, लेकिन मनु ने यहां आकर फिर से इंसानों के रहने लायक जगह का निर्माण किया। 
सिख धर्म की मान्यताओं के अनुसार यहां गुरु नानकदेव जी अपने भक्तों भाई बाला और भाई मरदाना के साथ मणिकरन आए थे। भाई मरदाना को जब भूख लगी तो उन्होंने गुरु नानकदेव जी को बताया। गुरुजी ने उन्हें खाना इकट्ठा करने के लिए अपने एक मित्र के पास भेजा।
 
कुछ देर के बाद वह आटा और सब्जियां लेकर लौटे तो और समस्या थी कि खाना पकाने के लिए कोई आग वहां नहीं थी। गुरुजी ने मरदाना को एक पत्थर उठाने को कहा। जैसे ही मरदाना ने पत्थर उठाया, वहां से गर्म पानी का फब्वारा निकल पड़ा।
 
वहीं हिन्दू मान्यताओं के अनुसार जब पार्वती और शिव भगवान यहां से गुजरे तो उन्हें यहां की खूबसूरती बहुत भा गई। उन्होंने कुछ समय इस स्थान पर गुजरने का फैसला किया। कहते हैं, उन्होंने यहां 1100 साल गुजरे।
 
उनके प्रवास काल के दौरान पार्वती की मणि पानी के निचली सतह में चली गई। कई प्रयास करने के बाद मणि न मिली तो उन्होंने शिव जी मदद मांगी। शिव ने अपने गणों को मणि लाने का आदेश दिया, लेकिन वे भी विफल रहे। इसके बाद शिव ने नाराज होकर अपनी तीसरी आंख खोल दी, जिससे ब्रह्मांड में हलचल हो गई।
 
सब जगह त्राही-त्राही मचने के बाद भगवान शेषनाग ने शिव जी को शांत किया और उस जगह अपना फन मारा जहां मणि खो गई थी। उनके फन मारते ही वहां से गर्म पानी का सोता फूट पड़ा और उसके बाद उस जगह से मणि जैसे कई कीमती पत्थर निकलने लगे। तब से इस जगह को मणिकरन कहा जाने लगा।
स्रोत

यहां 'कुत्तों' के नाम है 160 बीघा जमीन और करोड़ों की संपत्ति


यहां 'कुत्तों' के नाम है 160 बीघा जमीन और करोड़ों की संपत्ति


राजपुरा.पटियाला-चंडीगढ़ रोड पर स्थित गांव खानपुर के लोगों को कुत्तों में न सिर्फ भगवान नजर आता है, बल्कि वे तब तक खाना नहीं खाते जब तक कुत्ते भोग न लगा लें। इस गांव में दशकों से कुत्तों की पूजा की जाती है। 

ये कोई आम कुत्ते नहीं, बल्कि करोड़ों की जायदाद के मालिक हैं। यहां कुत्तों का ‘डेरा’ है जिसकी लगभग 160 बीघा जमीन कुत्तों के नाम पर है। डेरे के महंत अजय गिरी समेत किसी भी व्यक्ति को दिन के तीन टाइम कुत्तों को भोग लगाने से पहले कुछ भी खाने की इजाजत नहीं है। 

बाबा आला ने दी थी जमीन
डेरे के महंत अजय गिरी के मुताबिक पटियाला के संस्थापक बाबा आला इस डेरे में गद्दीनशीन बाबा भगवान गिर जी के भक्त थे। उन्होंने डेरे के आसपास अपनी कई हजार एकड़ जमीन दान में देनी चाही, लेकिन बाबा ने खुद अपने नाम पर करने की बजाए बेजुबान कुत्तों के नाम करने को कह दिया ताकि बाद में उनकी गद्दी पर बैठने वाले महंतों के मन में जमीन को लेकर कभी लालच न आए। तब से लेकर आज तक यह जमीन कुत्तों के नाम चली आ रही है।  

स्वादिष्ट व्यंजन चढ़ाए जाते हैं
कुत्तों को तीनों टाइम मिस्सी रोट, लस्सी समेत स्वादिष्ट व्यंजनों का भोग लगाया जाता है। महंत डेरे के चबूतरे पर खड़े होकर ‘आयो.आयो’ की आवाज लगाते हैं और देखते ही देखते दूरदराज बैठे कुत्तों का झुंड वहां इकट्ठा हो जाता है। महंत अपने हाथों से इन्हें भोग लगाते है। इसके बाद श्रद्धालुओं को लंगर बांटा जाता है। सुबह-शाम इनकी आरती की जाती है। आसपास के दर्जनों गांवों के लोग कुत्तों से मन्नत मांगने आते हैं।

Underground Town in South Australia...!!!!!


Underground Town in South Australia...!!!!!

Coober Pedy is a small Australian town with population of about 2,000 people. It is well-known as an underground town.

Coober Pedy is a small Australian town with population of about 2,000 people. It is well-known as an underground town.

Underground Town in South Australia (33 pics)

Underground Town in South Australia (33 pics)

Coober Pedy is also known as the world’s opal capital with 30% global opals mined here. As for the town name, it is translated as “whitemans hole” from the Aboriginal term kupa-piti.




Underground Town in South Australia (33 pics)

The severe desert climate made a lot of residents move to live underground, in caves. A cave home usually has three bedrooms, kitchen, bathroom and lounge that are excavated out of the rock in the hillsides. Such homes don’t require air-conditioning, because they remain at a constant temperature while summer temperatures on the surface can reach 40-50 degrees Celsius (over 100 degrees Fahrenheit).

Underground Town in South Australia (33 pics)

Coober Pedy attracts tourists from all over the world. The mines, underground churches and graveyard are the most interesting attractions here. The trees you can find in this town are iron welded. You can play golf at night only to avoid hot temperatures. The local golf is free of grass that is why players take a small piece of tee-off turf with them.

Underground Town in South Australia (33 pics)

Coober Pedy is featured in many movies, including Opal Dream, Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, Red Planet and Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. NASA is planning to train astronauts for a planned mission to Mars here in 2012.

Vintage Transport...!!!!!


Vintage Transport...!!!!!


A Peugeot motorboat car, 1925

A Peugeot motorboat car, in Britain. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 1925


English invention capable of being used as a car, boat and plane



English invention capable of being used as a car, boat and plane

Back views of an English invention capable of being used as a car, boat and plane. Showing are a tail fin, rudder and propeller. It also has two wings which can fold back and another propeller at the front. (Photo by London Express/Getty Images). 27th February 1928


A Fulgar show-model car made by French car manufacturers, Simca

A Fulgar show-model car made by French car manufacturers, Simca. Designed for the year 2000 it is intended to be atomically powered, guided by radar and using only two wheels balanced by gyroscopes when driven at over 150 kph. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). 1958


A caterpillar driven ferry with a 24 horsepower engine takes holidaymakers from the mainland at Bigbury in Devon to Burgh Island, a quarter of a mile away

A caterpillar driven ferry with a 24 horsepower engine takes holidaymakers from the mainland at Bigbury in Devon to Burgh Island, a quarter of a mile away. (Photo by Reg Speller/Fox Photos/Getty Images). 4th April 1935


The James Samson Handyman electric cart

The James Samson Handyman electric cart offered for sale at £86.00 complete. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Circa 1953


A one-man anti-gas ambulance and resuscitator, designed and made for use by the Home Guard

A one-man anti-gas ambulance and resuscitator, designed and made for use by the Home Guard. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 29th July 1941


Bugle Buggy, a fibre glass bodyshell mounted on a Volkswagen chassis and engine

A fun vehicle for the young at heart, The Bugle Buggy, a fibre glass bodyshell mounted on a Volkswagen chassis and engine. (Photo by Fred Mott/Evening Standard/Getty Images). 5th August 1970


Haywire, one of the snowcats used by Dr. Fuch's and his Commonwealth explorers on their journey across the Antarctic continent

“Haywire”, one of the snowcats used by Dr. Fuch's and his Commonwealth explorers on their journey across the Antarctic continent, arrives at Tilbury from New Zealand, via Antwerp. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). 10th May 1958


Mr. Graham's novel three-wheel car designed to look like an armoured car

Mr. Graham's novel three-wheel car designed to look like an armoured car, being used to take himself and his bride on honeymoon after their wedding. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). August 1931


Joan Blondell the friendly comedienne is  riding on an American railway truck

Joan Blondell (1909–1979) the friendly comedienne is riding on an American railway truck, during the filming of her latest film, “Other Men's Women”, directed by William Wellman for Warner Brothers. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Circa 1931


Swiss engineer Gerder at Arles, France on his way to Spain in his Motorwheel, a motorcycle with a wheel which runs on a rail placed inside a solid rubber tyre

Swiss engineer M. Gerder at Arles, France on his way to Spain in his “Motorwheel”, a motorcycle with a wheel which runs on a rail placed inside a solid rubber tyre. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 1st September 1931


Salesman has his motorised roller skates refuelled at a petrol station near Hartford, Connecticut

Salesman Mike Dreschler has his motorised roller skates refuelled at a petrol station near Hartford, Connecticut. He has a single horsepower air-cooled engine strapped to his back and holds a clutch, accelerator and engine cut-off switch in his hand. (Photo by F. Roy Kemp/BIPs/Getty Images). 11th May 1961


Three trycycles make car for two

Three trycycles make car for two. Dr. J. B. Hanson and wife demonstrate their car. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). Circa 1931


Queen Mary with Princess Mary, the Princess Royal being driven across rough ground in a tracked car by Army officers

Queen Mary (1867–1953) with Princess Mary, the Princess Royal (1897–1965) being driven across rough ground in a tracked car by Army officers. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Circa 1920

Amphicar, which can be driven on land or water

The new Amphicar, which can be driven on land or water, is used as a fishing boat by its owner at the start of the salmon fishing season on the River Tay, Scotland. The “aqua” car is German built, fitted with a Triumph Herald engine and can reach speeds of 7.5 knots in water. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 17th January 1964

A trackless train leaving King George V Dock for London

A trackless train leaving King George V Dock for London. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images). 1926


Customers buying snacks at the bar of a bus, 1933

Customers buying snacks at the bar of a bus. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images). Circa 1933


A Blackpool single decker tram, 1934

A Blackpool single decker tram. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). Circa 1934


A man with his small, runaround cycle, 1921

A man with his small, runaround cycle. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Circa 1921


A submarine motor car, 1937

A submarine motor car, which can travel both on land and underwater and is equipped with a 4 hp engine and steel fins on both sides. (Photo by Horace Abrahams/Fox Photos/Getty Images). 1st December 1937


A three-wheeled car, 1929

A three-wheeled car made by Mr. A. Graham of Kingston, Surrey. The vehicle, designed in a nautical style, reaches a maximum speed of 70 miles an hour with a body made entirely of sheet iron. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). April 1929


Television engineer is the proud holder of the first mobile television licence to be issued in Britain

Arthur Parkes, a television engineer from Dudley in Worcestershire, is the proud holder of the first mobile television licence to be issued in Britain. Mr. Parkes has confounded the British Broadcasting Corporation by proving that aircraft are capable of receiving television transmissions. (Photo by Harry Kerr/BIPs/Getty Images). December 1955

कर्मफल अवश्य ही भोगना पड़ता है

कर्मफल अवश्य ही भोगना पड़ता है

देवर्षि नारद जी ने श्री सनकजी से कहाः "भगवन् ! मेरे मन में एक संदेह पैदा हो गया है। आपने कहा है कि जो लोग पुण्यकर्म करते हैं, उन्हें कोटि सहस्र कल्पों तक उनका महान भोग प्राप्त होता रहता है। दूसरी ओर यह भी आपने बताया है कि प्राकृत प्रलय में सम्पूर्ण लोकों का नाश हो जाता है और एकमात्र भगवान विष्णु ही शेष रह जाते हैं। अतः मुझे यह संशय हुआ है कि क्या प्रलयकाल तक जीव के पुण्य और पापभोग की समाप्ति नहीं होती? आप इस संदेह का निवारण करने योग्य है।"
श्रीसनक जी बोलेः "महाप्राज्ञ ! भगवान नारायण अविनाशी, अनंत, परम प्रकाशस्वरूप और सनातन पुरुष हैं। वे विशुद्ध, निर्गुण, नित्य और माया-मोह से रहित हैं। परमानंदस्वरूप श्रीहरि निर्गुण होते हुए भी सगुण से प्रतीत होते हैं। ब्रह्मा, विष्णु और शिव आदि रूपों में व्यक्त होकर भेदभाव से दिखायी देते हैं। वे ही माया के संयोग से सम्पूर्ण जगत का कार्य करते हैं। ये ही माया के संयोग से सम्पूर्ण जगत का कार्य करते हैं। ये ही श्री हरि ब्रह्माजी के रूप से सृष्टि तथा विष्णुरूप से जगत का पालन करते हैं और अंत में भगवान रूद्र के रूप से ही सबको अपना ग्रास बनाते हैं। यह निश्चित सत्य है। प्रलय काल व्यतीत होने पर भगवान जनार्दन ने शेषशय्या से उठकर ब्रह्माजी के रूप से सम्पूर्ण चराचर विश्व की पूर्वकल्पों में जो-जो स्थावर-जंगम जीव जहाँ-जहाँ स्थित थे, नूतन कल्प में ब्रह्माजी उस सम्पूर्ण जगत की पूर्ववत् सृष्टि कर देते हैं। अतः साधुशिरोमणे ! किये हुए पापों और पुण्यों का अक्षय फल अवश्य भोगना पड़ता है (प्रलय हो जाने पर जीव के जिन कर्मों का फल शेष रह जाता है, दूसरे कल्प में नयी सृष्टि होने पर वह जीव पुनः अपने पुरातन कर्मों का भोग भोगता है।) कोई भी कर्म सौ करोड़ कल्पों में भी बिना भोगे नष्ट नहीं होता। अपने किये हुए शुभ और अशुभ कर्मों का फल अवश्य ही भोगना पड़ता है।"
नाभुक्तं क्षीयते कर्म कल्पकोटिशतैरपि।
अवश्यमेव भोक्तव्यं कृतं कर्म शुभाशुभम्।।
(नारद पुराणः पूर्व भागः 31.69-70)

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